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What ethical rule did Attorney Chapman violate by instructing paralegal Hughes to sign and submit a brief without review?

  1. Fairness to opposing party and counsel

  2. Candor toward the tribunal

  3. Expecting litigation

  4. Adequate supervision of a non-lawyer assistant

The correct answer is: Adequate supervision of a non-lawyer assistant

Attorney Chapman violated the ethical rule of adequate supervision of a non-lawyer assistant by instructing paralegal Hughes to sign and submit a brief without review. This is because it is the responsibility of the attorney to ensure that all work being submitted to the court is accurate and properly reflects the legal arguments being made. By not reviewing the brief personally, Attorney Chapman is not adequately supervising the actions of the non-lawyer assistant and could potentially face disciplinary action. Option A is incorrect because fairness to the opposing party and counsel relates to the treatment of other lawyers and parties involved in the case. Option B is incorrect because candor towards the tribunal refers to the attorney's duty to be truthful and honest with the court. Option C is incorrect because expecting litigation refers to the duty to not pursue frivolous lawsuits and to consider alternative dispute resolution methods.